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Input and Output ​

Formatting output refers to controlling the appearance and structure of the data displayed when printing to the console or other output mediums. It allows you to present data in a specific way, adjusting the appearance of numbers, text, or other information to enhance readability or meet specific requirements.

c
int num = 42;
float pi = 3.14159;

printf("Integer: %d\n", num);
printf("Float: %.2f\n", pi);
c++
int num = 42;
float pi = 3.14159;
cout << "Integer: " << num << endl;
cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << "Float: " << pi << endl;
java
int num = 42;
double pi = 3.14159;

System.out.printf("Integer: %d\n", num);
System.out.printf("Float: %.2f\n", pi);
python
num = 42
pi = 3.14159

print(f"Integer: {num}")
print("Float: {:.2f}".format(pi))

Format specifier ​

  • %d: Used for integers (int).
  • For example, printf("%d", 10); will display 10.
  • %f: Used for floating-point numbers (float or double).
  • For example, printf("%.2f", 3.14159); will display 3.14.
  • %c: Used for characters (char).
  • For example, printf("%c", 'A'); will display A.
  • %s: Used for strings (char* or std::string in C++).
  • For example, printf("%s", "Hello"); will display Hello.