Introduction

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code around the concept of "objects," which can contain data (attributes or properties) and code (methods or functions). The components of OOP are classes, objects, attributes, and methods

The key principles of OOP are:

1. Encapsulation
2. Abstraction
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism

OOP promotes modularity, reusability, and a more intuitive way of thinking about and structuring code by organizing it around objects and their interactions.